FILSAFAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ORGANISASI DI ERA 4.0: MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN DENGAN PEMIKIRAN KRITIS DAN ETIS
Keywords:
Filsafat, Etika, Epistemologi, Inovasi AdaptifAbstract
Penelitian ini menegaskan peran penting filsafat dalam pengembangan organisasi di era Revolusi Industri 4.0, yang ditandai oleh kemajuan teknologi seperti kecerdasan buatan, big data, dan otomatisasi. Pendekatan etika, epistemologi, dan pragmatisme menjadi landasan berpikir kritis untuk menghadapi tantangan teknologi dan sosial yang kompleks. Etika membantu organisasi bertindak secara bertanggung jawab dalam isu privasi data dan keberlanjutan. Epistemologi memastikan validitas pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, mencegah interpretasi yang bias. Sementara itu, pragmatisme mendorong inovasi adaptif yang relevan dengan kebutuhan dinamis. Penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan antara kemajuan teknologi, nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, dan keberlanjutan. Integrasi filsafat memberikan panduan bagi organisasi untuk mengelola teknologi dengan bijaksana, menciptakan strategi yang mendukung pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi utama adalah menerapkan pendekatan filsafat secara mendalam untuk memastikan teknologi menjadi alat yang mendukung, bukan menggantikan, nilai-nilai manusia
References
L. L. Dhirani, N. Mukhtiar, B. S. Chowdhry, and T. Newe, “Ethical Dilemmas and Privacy Issues in Emerging Technologies: A Review,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 1151, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23031151.
T. Choi, S. Kumar, X. Yue, and H. Chan, “Disruptive Technologies and Operations Management in the Industry 4.0 Era and Beyond,” Prod. Oper. Manag., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 9–31, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1111/poms.13622.
E. H. Grosse, F. Sgarbossa, C. Berlin, and W. P. Neumann, “Human-centric production and logistics system design and management: transitioning from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 61, no. 22, pp. 7749–7759, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2023.2246783.
R. Kumar, R. K. Singh, and Y. K. Dwivedi, “Application of industry 4.0 technologies in SMEs for ethical and sustainable operations: Analysis of challenges,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 275, p. 124063, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124063.
M. J. Ligarski, B. Rożałowska, and K. Kalinowski, “A Study of the Human Factor in Industry 4.0 Based on the Automotive Industry,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 20, p. 6833, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14206833.
A. Sangiovanni, “Human Rights in a Kantian Key,” Kantian Rev., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 249–261, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1017/S1369415419000049.
S. J. Kerstein, “Dignity, Dementia and Death,” Kantian Rev., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 221–237, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1017/S1369415423000079.
A. M. Elsner and V. Rampton, “‘Accompanied Only by My Thoughts’: A Kantian Perspective on Autonomy at the End of Life,” J. Med. Philos. A Forum Bioeth. Philos. Med., vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 688–700, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhac026.
U. P. Canning, “Public health ethics: a flawed view of Kant’s argument from autonomy,” J. Public Health (Bangkok)., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. e477–e481, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz164.
A. Matthias, “Dignity and Dissent in Humans and Non-humans,” Sci. Eng. Ethics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 2497–2510, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11948-020-00245-x.
M. Özemre and O. Kabadurmus, “A big data analytics based methodology for strategic decision making,” J. Enterp. Inf. Manag., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1467–1490, May 2020, doi: 10.1108/JEIM-08-2019-0222.
J. Kandt and M. Batty, “Smart cities, big data and urban policy: Towards urban analytics for the long run,” Cities, vol. 109, p. 102992, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102992.
J. Konek and B. A. Levinstein, “The Foundations of Epistemic Decision Theory,” Mind, vol. 128, no. 509, pp. 69–107, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1093/mind/fzw044.
P. Basu and F. Echenique, “On the falsifiability and learnability of decision theories,” Theor. Econ., 2020, doi: 10.3982/TE3438.
A. Salovaara, B. R. Upreti, J. I. Nykänen, and J. Merikivi, “Building on shaky foundations? Lack of falsification and knowledge contestation in IS theories, methods, and practices,” Eur. J. Inf. Syst., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 65–83, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/0960085X.2019.1685737.
J. Oláh, N. Aburumman, J. Popp, M. A. Khan, H. Haddad, and N. Kitukutha, “Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 4674, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12114674.
A. M. Martín-Gómez, A. Agote-Garrido, and J. R. Lama-Ruiz, “A Framework for Sustainable Manufacturing: Integrating Industry 4.0 Technologies with Industry 5.0 Values,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1364, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16041364.
S. Mukhuty, A. Upadhyay, and H. Rothwell, “Strategic sustainable development of Industry 4.0 through the lens of social responsibility: The role of human resource practices,” Bus. Strateg. Environ., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 2068–2081, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1002/bse.3008.
Z. Nedelko, “What Drives the Usage of Management Tools Supporting Industry 4.0 in Organizations?,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 3512, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21103512.
M. Fakhar Manesh, M. M. Pellegrini, G. Marzi, and M. Dabic, “Knowledge Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Mapping the Literature and Scoping Future Avenues,” IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 289–300, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TEM.2019.2963489.
J. J. Lee and J. Meng, “Digital competencies in communication management: a conceptual framework of Readiness for Industry 4.0 for communication professionals in the workplace,” J. Commun. Manag., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 417–436, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1108/JCOM-10-2020-0116.
G. F. Frederico, J. A. Garza-Reyes, A. Anosike, and V. Kumar, “Supply Chain 4.0: concepts, maturity and research agenda,” Supply Chain Manag. An Int. J., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 262–282, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1108/SCM-09-2018-0339.
D. Horváth and R. Z. Szabó, “Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities?,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 146, pp. 119–132, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.021.
H. Nayernia, H. Bahemia, and S. Papagiannidis, “A systematic review of the implementation of industry 4.0 from the organisational perspective,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 60, no. 14, pp. 4365–4396, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2021.2002964.
D. Ivanov, C. S. Tang, A. Dolgui, D. Battini, and A. Das, “Researchers’ perspectives on Industry 4.0: multi-disciplinary analysis and opportunities for operations management,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 2055–2078, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1798035.
A. Kwiotkowska, B. Gajdzik, R. Wolniak, J. Vveinhardt, and M. Gębczyńska, “Leadership Competencies in Making Industry 4.0 Effective: The Case of Polish Heat and Power Industry,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 14, p. 4338, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14144338.
P. Bazan and E. Estevez, “Industry 4.0 and business process management: state of the art and new challenges,” Bus. Process Manag. J., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 62–80, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1108/BPMJ-04-2020-0163.
A. N. Bahasoan, Muhammad, and Marsudi, “Regional Autonomy and Poverty in Indonesia: A Literature Review,” East Asian J. Multidiscip. Res., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1613–1624, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.55927/eajmr.v2i4.3869.
G. Anakpo, Z. Nqwayibana, and S. Mishi, “The Impact of Work-from-Home on Employee Performance and Productivity: A Systematic Review,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 4529, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15054529.
J. Smids, S. Nyholm, and H. Berkers, “Robots in the Workplace: a Threat to—or Opportunity for—Meaningful Work?,” Philos. Technol., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 503–522, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s13347-019-00377-4.
S. X. Duan, H. Deng, and S. Wibowo, “Exploring the impact of digital work on work–life balance and job performance: a technology affordance perspective,” Inf. Technol. People, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 2009–2029, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1108/ITP-01-2021-0013.
D. Bakas, P. Kostis, and P. Petrakis, “Culture and labour productivity: An empirical investigation,” Econ. Model., vol. 85, pp. 233–243, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2019.05.020.
J. Leitão, D. Pereira, and Â. Gonçalves, “Quality of Work Life and Organizational Performance: Workers’ Feelings of Contributing, or Not, to the Organization’s Productivity,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 16, no. 20, p. 3803, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.3390/ijerph16203803.
K. Jia, T. Zhu, W. Zhang, S. F. Rasool, A. Asghar, and T. Chin, “The Linkage between Ethical Leadership, Well-Being, Work Engagement, and Innovative Work Behavior: The Empirical Evidence from the Higher Education Sector of China,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 9, p. 5414, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095414.
J. Bayuo, “Revisiting the philosophy of technology and nursing: Time to move beyond romancing resistance or resisting romance,” Nurs. Philos., vol. 25, no. 4, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1111/nup.12503.
C. Bellet, J.-E. De Neve, and G. Ward, “Does Employee Happiness Have an Impact on Productivity?,” SSRN Electron. J., 2019, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3470734.
G. Culot, F. Fattori, M. Podrecca, and M. Sartor, “Addressing Industry 4.0 Cybersecurity Challenges,” IEEE Eng. Manag. Rev., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 79–86, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1109/EMR.2019.2927559.
C. Wang, D. Wang, G. Xu, and D. He, “Efficient privacy-preserving user authentication scheme with forward secrecy for industry 4.0,” Sci. China Inf. Sci., vol. 65, no. 1, p. 112301, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11432-020-2975-6.
Z. Gao, A. Castiglione, and M. Nappi, “Guest Editorial: Biometrics in Industry 4.0: Open Challenges and Future Perspectives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 9068–9071, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TII.2022.3197691.
A. Bécue, I. Praça, and J. Gama, “Artificial intelligence, cyber-threats and Industry 4.0: challenges and opportunities,” Artif. Intell. Rev., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 3849–3886, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10462-020-09942-2.
A. Aneta, Y. Aneta, and N. Djafri, “Pengembangan Manajemen Berbasis Pelayanan Administrasi Publik pada Tingkat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini,” J. Obs. J. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 3669–3679, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2478.
M. Shayganmehr, A. Kumar, J. A. Garza-Reyes, and M. A. Moktadir, “Industry 4.0 enablers for a cleaner production and circular economy within the context of business ethics: A study in a developing country,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 281, p. 125280, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125280.
J. R. Saura, D. Ribeiro-Soriano, and D. Palacios-Marqués, “Evaluating security and privacy issues of social networks based information systems in Industry 4.0,” Enterp. Inf. Syst., vol. 16, no. 10–11, pp. 1694–1710, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/17517575.2021.1913765.
M. Mawar, S. Zauhar, E. Setyowati, S. Suryadi, and D. Gandini, “Empowerment of Relocation Community Affected by Covid 19 Pandemic in DKI Jakarta with Collaborative Governance,” Iapa Proc. Conf., p. 315, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.30589/proceedings.2021.535.
I. Janis, M. Alias, M. Zulkipli, and F. Muhammad-Sukki, “Using Illustrations to Make Decisions on the Most Appropriate Qualitative Research Methodology: The Industry 4.0 Scenario,” Int. J. Qual. Methods, vol. 19, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1177/1609406920907247.
M. T. Pratola, “Editorial: Special Issue on Industry 4.0,” Technometrics, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 435–436, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/00401706.2022.2125710.
A. Ranade et al., “Implementing Industry 4.0: An In-Depth Case Study Integrating Digitalisation and Modelling for Decision Support System Applications,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 8, p. 1818, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17081818.
J. Para, J. Del Ser, A. J. Nebro, U. Zurutuza, and F. Herrera, “Analyze, Sense, Preprocess, Predict, Implement, and Deploy (ASPPID): An incremental methodology based on data analytics for cost-efficiently monitoring the industry 4.0,” Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell., vol. 82, pp. 30–43, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2019.03.022.
U. Awan, S. Shamim, Z. Khan, N. U. Zia, S. M. Shariq, and M. N. Khan, “Big data analytics capability and decision-making: The role of data-driven insight on circular economy performance,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 168, p. 120766, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120766.
C. Lee and C. Lim, “From technological development to social advance: A review of Industry 4.0 through machine learning,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 167, p. 120653, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120653.
R. S. Peres, X. Jia, J. Lee, K. Sun, A. W. Colombo, and J. Barata, “Industrial Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 - Systematic Review, Challenges and Outlook,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 220121–220139, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3042874.
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. P. Singh, and R. Suman, “Significant Applications of Big Data in Industry 4.0,” J. Ind. Integr. Manag., vol. 06, no. 04, pp. 429–447, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1142/S2424862221500135.
Muhammad Mukhram, Nurjannah, and Wulan Ayuandiani, “Analysis of Perceptions and Interests of Accounting Students in Choosing A Professionin the Field of Taxation (Case Study of Tax Concentration at University West Sulawesi),” Manag. J. Manag. Adm. Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 82–87, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.58738/manager.v1i3.285.
T. Zonta, C. A. da Costa, R. da Rosa Righi, M. J. de Lima, E. S. da Trindade, and G. P. Li, “Predictive maintenance in the Industry 4.0: A systematic literature review,” Comput. Ind. Eng., vol. 150, p. 106889, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106889.
C. O. Klingenberg, M. A. V. Borges, and J. A. V. Antunes Jr, “Industry 4.0 as a data-driven paradigm: a systematic literature review on technologies,” J. Manuf. Technol. Manag., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 570–592, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1108/JMTM-09-2018-0325.
L. Romeo, A. Petitti, R. Marani, and A. Milella, “Internet of Robotic Things in Smart Domains: Applications and Challenges,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 12, p. 3355, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20123355.
M. Hammad et al., “Security Framework for Network-Based Manufacturing Systems with Personalized Customization: An Industry 4.0 Approach,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 17, p. 7555, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23177555.
A. Singh, G. Madaan, S. Hr, and A. Kumar, “Smart manufacturing systems: a futuristics roadmap towards application of industry 4.0 technologies,” Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 411–428, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1080/0951192X.2022.2090607.
C. Resende et al., “TIP4.0: Industrial Internet of Things Platform for Predictive Maintenance,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 14, p. 4676, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21144676.
D. G. Alfiyanti, Desyandri, and Y. Erita, “PERAN FILSAFAT ILMU DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN TEKNOLOGI DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0,” Didakt. J. Ilm. PGSD STKIP Subang, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2343–2352, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.36989/didaktik.v8i2.554.
J. Vyskočil, P. Douda, P. Novák, and B. Wally, “A Digital Twin-Based Distributed Manufacturing Execution System for Industry 4.0 with AI-Powered On-The-Fly Replanning Capabilities,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 6251, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15076251.
M. R. Fadli, “Hubungan Filsafat dengan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Relevansinya Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 (Society 5.0),” J. Filsafat, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 130, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.22146/jf.42521.
J. Tian, W. Coreynen, P. Matthyssens, and L. Shen, “Platform-based servitization and business model adaptation by established manufacturers,” Technovation, vol. 118, p. 102222, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102222.
M. Elsisi, M.-Q. Tran, K. Mahmoud, M. Lehtonen, and M. M. F. Darwish, “Deep Learning-Based Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things towards Effective Energy Management for Smart Buildings,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 1038, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21041038.
G. B. Benitez, N. F. Ayala, and A. G. Frank, “Industry 4.0 innovation ecosystems: An evolutionary perspective on value cocreation,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 228, p. 107735, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107735.
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. P. Singh, and R. Suman, “Artificial Intelligence Applications for Industry 4.0: A Literature-Based Study,” J. Ind. Integr. Manag., vol. 07, no. 01, pp. 83–111, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1142/S2424862221300040.
R. Cioffi, M. Travaglioni, G. Piscitelli, A. Petrillo, and F. De Felice, “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Smart Production: Progress, Trends, and Directions,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 492, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12020492.
