TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS DALAM PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN TERKAIT PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI (PPJB) DALAM KLAUSUL UTANG PIUTANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v5i4.11244Keywords:
The Sale and Purchase Agreement, Debt Agreement, Abuse of Circumstances, Responsibility, Legal ConsequencesAbstract
The Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) is commonly used in property transactions as a preliminary step before the execution of a Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB). However, it often contains debt clauses unilaterally drafted by developers, which may disadvantage consumers. The research problems formulated in this study are: (1) What is the notary’s responsibility in relation to PPJB that contains elements of a loan clause? (2) What are the legal consequences of a PPJB that involves elements of abuse of circumstances? The theories used in this is research are theory of responsibility by Immanuel Kant and theory of consequences by Soerjono Soekanto
The method used in this research is normative juridical research, specifically a library law research or secondary data with primary. Secondary and tertiary legal sources. As for the research approach used statute approach, analytical approach, case approach, conceptual approach and the method of collecting the legal materials and carried out by identifying and taking inventory of positive law, journals, and other legal resources. The method used in analyzing the legal materials grammatical interpretation, systematical interpretation, and law construction methods.
The findings indicate that notaries bear legal, social, and moral responsibilities in drafting (PPJB) that conceal loan agreements. Based on Immanuel Kant’s perspective, notaries are ethically and morally obligated in every action. Meanwhile, Soerjono Soekanto asserts that legal consequences extend beyond the private realm to include social impact, as reflected in Supreme Court decisions annulling PPJBs containing elements of abuse of circumstances.
References
Munir Fuady, Konsep Hukum Perdata, (Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2019) hal. 45.
Eddy O. S. Hiariej, Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dalam Hukum Perdata Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2020) hal. 128.
Ridwan Khairandy, Penyalahgunaan Keadaan dalam Kontrak, (Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2004) hal. 38.
Soerjono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: UI Press, 2006) hal. 204.
Yahya Harahap, Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2015) hal. 95.
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) hal. 45.
Allen W. Wood, Kantian Ethics, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008) hal. 62-66.
Arthur Ripstein, Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009) hal. 15–18.
Kitab Undang – Undang Hukum Perdata
Sudikno Mertokusumo, Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar, (Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2009) hal. 90–91.
Subekti, Aneka Perjanjian, (Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2003) hal. 12.
Habib Adjie, Sanksi Perdata dan Administratif Terhadap Notaris Sebagai Pejabat Publik, (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2009) hal. 44.
Rumusan Kamar Perdata dalam SEMA No. 4 Tahun 2016
Soerjono Soekanto, Pokok-Pokok Sosiologi Hukum, (Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2002) hal. 62.
Soerjono Soekanto, Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 1983, hal. 5.
Perundang-Undangan
Undang - Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.
Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris.
Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan.
Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok - Pokok Agraria.
Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 11/PRT/M/2019 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sistem Perjanjian Pendahuluan Jual Beli Perumahan.
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 12 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman,
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah
Yurisprudensi (Putusan Pengadilan)
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2848 K/Pdt/2017 jo Putusan PT 138/PDT/2016/PT.DKI jo Putusan Perkara Jakarta Selatan Nomor 65/PDT.G/2014/PN.JKT.SEL.
Putusan Perkara PN Medan 570/PDT.G/2015/PN MDN. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 2136 K/Pdt/2022 jo Putusan PT 114/PDT/2017/PT.MDN jo Putusan Perkara PN Medan 570/PDT.G/2015/PN MDN.
Putusan Perkara Nomor 19/PDT.G/2022/PN.GPR
