DEMOKRATISASI DAN PERAN MASYARAKAT SIPIL DALAM KONFLIK ETNIS DAN AGAMA DI SUDAN TAHUN 2019-2024
Keywords:
Transisi Politik, Rezim Otoriter, Demokratisasi,, Masyarakat SipilAbstract
Sudan sebagai negara dengan keragaman etnis dan agama yang beragam, telah terjebak dalam konflik internal dan pemerintahan otoriter selama beberapa dekade. Sejak kemerdekaan tahun 1956, Sudan menghadapi serangkaian krisis politik, perang saudara, dan ketegangan etnis dan agama yang memperburuk kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Rezim otoriter Omar al-Bashir yang berkuasa selama tiga dekade menandai era represif yang diwarnai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, diskriminasi terhadap kelompok minoritas, serta krisis ekonomi yang parah. Kejatuhan al-Bashir pada 2019 menjadi momentum penting bagi masyarakat sipil di Sudan dalam memperjuangkan sistem politik yang lebih demokratis. Namun demikian, proses demokrasi masih menghadapi tantangan besar hingga saat ini, terutama karena dominasi militer yang terus membatasi ruang politik sipil. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses demokratisasi di Sudan dengan menggunakan perspektif teori demokrasi dan konsep civil society. Kedua pendekatan ini digunakan untuk memahami sejauh mana masyarakat sipil dapat mendorong perubahan politik dan menyeimbangkan kekuasaan negara. Dengan menganalisis dinamika politik Sudan secara historis dan teoritis, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman tentang tantangan dan prospek demokrasi di negara-negara pasca-otoriter
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