PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMILIK KAPAL TERKAIT TIDAK DIPENUHINYA KEWAJIBAN BAYAR OLEH PENCARTER DALAM PERJANJIAN CARTER KAPAL LAUT MENURUT WAKTU
Keywords:
Agreement, Charter of the Sea Vessel, Non-Implementation of the AgreementAbstract
A time-based ship charter agreement, as a reciprocal contract, obligates the shipowner to provide the vessel to the charterer and requires the charterer to pay the charter fee to the shipowner. This study aims to examine the legal consequences arising from the charterer's failure to fulfill the payment obligation to the shipowner, using an analysis based on the theory of legal consequences as presented by R. Soeroso. Additionally, this study seeks to explore the legal protection available to the shipowner in relation to the charterer's non-fulfillment of payment obligations, applying the legal protection theory proposed by Satjipto Rahardjo
The method used in this research is a type of normative juridical research, namely literature law research or secondary data with sources of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research approaches used are legislation, analysis, case, and conceptual approaches. The technique of collecting legal materials is carried out by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules, literature, books, journals and other sources of legal materials. For legal material analysis techniques, it is carried out by grammatical, systematic legal interpretation and legal construction methods.
From the results of the study, it can be obtained that the legal consequences of non-implementation of the payment obligation by the charterer are in the form of fulfillment of the agreement, fulfillment of the agreement with compensation for damages, compensation for damages, cancellation of mutual agreements, or cancellation with compensation for damages. The legal protection provided to ship owners is by the rules of material law and formal law in laws and regulations.
References
Benyamin Ricchi Arcinius, ‘Implementasi Kewajiban Hukum Bagi Pemilik Kapal Untuk Menyingkirkan Kerangka Kapal dan/atau Muatannya yang Mengganggu Keselamatan dan Keamanan Pelayaran Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran (Studi: Perairan Pelabuhan Belawan Sumatera Utara), Tesis, 2023.
D.A. Lasse, Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi Laut, Carter, dan Klaim, PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2015.
Dina Kristina, ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Para Pihak Dalam Kegiatan Sewa Menyewa Kapal di Indonesia; Tesis, 2023.
Dini Andriani, ‘Tanggung Jawab Penyewa dan Pemilik Kapal Terhadap Kerugian Pihak Ketiga Sebagai Akibat Pengoperasian Kapal’, Tesis, 2015.
H.M.N. Purwosutjipto, Pengertian Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia 5: Hukum Pelayaran Laut dan Perairan Darat, Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, 1989.
Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto, Memahami Hukum Perikatan, Penerbit Kepel Press, Yogyakarta, 2021.
Kuntoro, et al., Analisa dan Evaluasi Hukum Tentang Perlindungan Anak Buah Kapal (ABK), Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 1999.
Mamick Rahardian, ‘Implementasi Tanggung Jawab Pemilik Kapal untuk Menyingkirkan Kerangka Kapal yang Mengganggu Keselamatan dan Kemanan Pelayaran Berdasarkan Undang-Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran’, Tesis, 2023.
Mariam Darus Badrulzaman, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Buku III Hukum Perikatan dengan Penjelasannya, Alumni, Bandung, 1983.
R Soeroso, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Sinar Grafika, Cet.22, Jakarta, 2021.
Riduan Syahrani, Selukbeluk dan Azas-Azas Hukum Perdata, Alumni, Bandung, 1985.
Satjipto Raharjo, Ilmu Hukum, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000.
Serlika Aprita dan Atika Ismail, Hukum Dagang, Kencana, Jakarta, 2023.
Subekti, Aneka Perjanjian, Cetakan Kesepuluh, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1995
Sudikno Mertokusumo, Mengenal Hukum Suatu Pengantar, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 2005.
Suryodiningrat R.M., Azas-Azas Hukum Perikatan, Tarsito, Bandung, 1979.
Tuamy Pinanton, ‘Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Owner Kapal Dalam Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kapal’, Tesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, 2024.
Universitas Jayabaya, Buku Pedoman Penulisan Tesis Magister Kenotariatan, Universitas Jayabata, Jakarta, 2024.
Wirjono Prodjodikoro, Hukum Perdata Tentang Persetujuan-Persetujuan Tertentu, Penerbit Sumur, Bandung, 2003.
Zainal Asikin, Hukum Dagang, Kencana, Jakarta, 2021.
Zainal Asikin, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2012.
Perundang-undangan
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang
Undang-Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor PM 39 Tahun 2017 tentang Pendaftaran dan Kebangsaan Kapal
Yurisprudensi
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor 17/Pdt.G/2021/PN Btm.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor 63/Pdt.G/2021/PN Btm.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor 157/Pdt.G/2024/PN Btm.
