EKONOMI HIJAU PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN BAGI PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA

Abstract

The green economy offers a development approach aimed at enhancing public well-being and social equity while simultaneously reducing environmental risks and natural resource scarcity. Adopting a green economy is crucial for Indonesia, as economic growth remains closely linked to natural resource utilization, while climate change, ecosystem degradation, pollution, and social inequality persist as unavoidable challenges. The aim of this study is to examine the theoretical foundations underlying green economic policy in Indonesia, as well as the prospects, challenges, opportunities, and the way forward. The research employs a qualitative, descriptive literature review approach, evaluating scientific publications, reports from international institutions, and national policy documents. Studies indicate that the green economy can foster sustainable agriculture, the circular economy, renewable energy, resource efficiency, and low-emission transportation. However, reliance on fossil fuels, investment and technology requirements, regulatory uncertainty, disparities in regional capacity, and the risk of uneven social impacts are obstacles hindering its implementation. According to this study, the green economic transition will succeed if there are consistent cross-sectoral policies, sustainable financing, social protection, public participation, and performance measurement that encompasses environmental, economic, and social aspects.