DETERMINANNYA SOSIAL TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA: TINJAUAN EPIDEMIOLOGI DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Laily Indrayanti Yusuf; Ng Phi Shi; Wahyu Nur Chalamsa; Sunanto Sunanto; Muhamad Sardiman; Yuly Peristiowati

doi:10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v5i3.11767

Authors

Laily Indrayanti Yusuf Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia
Ng Phi Shi Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia
Wahyu Nur Chalamsa Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia
Sunanto Sunanto Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia
Muhamad Sardiman Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia
Yuly Peristiowati Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Strada Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v5i3.11767

Keywords:

stunting, social determinants,, epidemiology, NTB, public health

Abstract

Objective: This article aims to analyze the social determinants influencing stunting in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province using an epidemiological perspective and the WHO's Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework. This analysis is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the social factors contributing to the high prevalence of stunting in NTB.

Methods: This research is a narrative review conducted through a literature search in Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as official reports such as Riskesdas, SSGI, the NTB Health Profile, and national policy documents. The articles analyzed were selected based on their relevance to the topic of social determinants of stunting in the past 10 years. A literature synthesis was conducted to identify key themes of social determinants contributing to stunting in NTB.

Results: The analysis indicates that stunting in NTB is influenced by a number of interrelated social determinants, particularly poverty, low maternal education, limited access to clean water, poor sanitation, inadequate parenting and feeding practices, early marriage, and unequal access to health services. Environmental factors such as drought and household food security contribute to exacerbating children's vulnerability to chronic malnutrition. These social determinants form a complex network of upstream and downstream factors that influence child growth in NTB.

Implications: These findings emphasize that efforts to reduce stunting in NTB must be carried out through a multisectoral approach that focuses not only on direct nutrition interventions but also on improving socioeconomic factors, sanitation, health access, women's education, and policies to prevent child marriage. Upstream interventions targeting structural factors need to be strengthened to create long-term impact.

Limitations: As a narrative review study, this research relies on the quality and comprehensiveness of the available literature. Specific data for NTB in recent years still vary across sources, requiring careful interpretation. This study did not include quantitative analysis or meta-analysis, thus not providing an estimate of the strength of the relationship between variables.

References

Bappenas. (2021). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Intervensi Penurunan Stunting Terintegrasi. Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi NTB 2022. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi NTB.

Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., & the Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451.

Dahlgren, G., & Whitehead, M. (1991). Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Institute for Futures Studies.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi NTB. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi NTB 2022.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi NTB. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi NTB 2023.

Fikadu, T., Assegid, S., & Dube, L. (2014). Factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan district, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1–7.

Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi. (2021). Pedoman Konvergensi Penanganan Stunting di Desa.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2021). Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2021.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2023.

Khan, S., Zaheer, S., & Safdar, N. F. (2019). Determinants of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children <5 years of age: Evidence from 2012–2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 358.

McGovern, M. E., Krishna, A., Aguayo, V. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017). A review of the evidence linking child stunting to economic outcomes. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(4), 1171–1191.

Mosley, W. H., & Chen, L. C. (1984). An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Population and Development Review, 10(Suppl), 25–45.

Nadiyah, N., Briawan, D., & Martianto, D. (2014). Faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 6–24 bulan di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 9(3), 213–220.

Rahman, A., & Tapping, R. I. (2021). Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child stunting in Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4935–4944.

Sari, M., de Pee, S., Bloem, M. W., & Sun, K. (2010). Higher household expenditure on animal-source and nongrain foods lowers the risk of stunting among children 0–59 months old in Indonesia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31(2), 1–11.

Save the Children Indonesia. (2020). Child Nutrition and Stunting Report Indonesia.

UNICEF. (2013). Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. UNICEF.

UNICEF. (2020). Addressing Social Determinants of Stunting in Indonesia. UNICEF Indonesia.

Victora, C. G., de Onis, M., Hallal, P. C., Blössner, M., & Shrimpton, R. (2010). Worldwide timing of growth faltering: Revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics, 125(3), 473–480.

WHO. (2010). A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization.

WHO. (2021). Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. World Health Organization / UNICEF / World Bank.