DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APPLICATION PROTOTYPE (ADHERENCE TRACKER) TO IMPROVE ANTIRETROVIRAL (ARV) MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) IN SURABAYA

Eko Budi Santoso

doi:10.53625/ijss.v5i4.11908

Authors

Eko Budi Santoso Program Studi Keperawatan dan Pendidikan Profesi Ners Institut Kesehatan dan Bisnis Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v5i4.11908

Keywords:

Mobile Application Prototype Development (Adherence Tracker), Antiretroviral (ARV) Medication Adherence, People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

Abstract

Adherence to Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy remains a major challenge for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Surabaya. This study aims to develop and analyze a mobile application prototype called Adherence Tracker as an effort to enhance adherence to ARV treatment. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving PLWHA and healthcare professionals. The findings reveal that the application significantly improves medication consistency through reminder features, automated recording, and personalized motivational messages. Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model indicated an increase in adherence levels to over 85%. In conclusion, Adherence Tracker proves effective as a user-centered technological innovation to strengthen ARV therapy management and support reproductive health resilience among PLWHA.

References

Bezabhe WM, Chalmers L, Bereznicki LR, Peterson GM. Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy And Virologic Failure: A Meta Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95 (15): e3361.

Shubber, Z., Mills, E. J., Nachega, J. B., Vreeman, R., Freitas, M., Bock, P., Nsanzimana, S., Penazzato, M., Appolo, T., Doherty, M., Ford, N. (2016). Patient-Reported Barriers To Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. PLoS Medicine, 13(11), e1002183.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002183

Hutahaean, S., Siregar, D., & Simarmata, R. (2023). Factors Affecting Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Study. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 26(2), 134–145.

https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jki.v26i2.134145

Yona, S., Wulandari, R., & Setiawan, H. (2023). Digital Health Interventions to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 29(4), e13125.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13125

Weaver, E. R., Pane, M., Wandra, T., Windiyaningsih, C., Samaan, G., Marks, G. B., & Kelly, P. M. (2014). Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Qualitative Analysis of Facilitators and Barriers among People Living with HIV in Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e88245.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088245

Muessig, K. E., Nekkanti, M., Bauermeister, J., Bull, S., & Hightow-Weidman, L. B. (2017). A Systematic Review of Recent Smartphone, Internet and Web 2.0 Interventions to Address the HIV Continuum of Care. Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 12(1), 173-190.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-014-0239-3

Mi, R. Z., Yang, E. F., Tahk, A., Tarfa, A., Cotter, L. M., Lu, L., Yang, S., Gustafson Sr, D. H., Westergaard, R., & Shah, D. (2024). mHealth Engagement for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among People With HIV and Substance Use Disorders: Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e57774. https://doi.org/10.2196/57774

Lanke, V., Trimm, K., Habib, B., & Tamblyn, R. (2025). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mobile Apps on Medication Adherence for Chronic Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e60822

Ukoaka, B. M., Ugwuanyi, E. A., Ukueku, K. O., Ajah, K. U., Udam, N. G., Daniel, F. M., Wali, T. A., & Gbuchie, M. A. (2024). Digital Tools for Improving Antiretroviral Adherence Among People Living with HIV in Africa. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100077

Hartch, C. E., Dietrich, M. S., Lancaster, B. J., Mulvaney, S. A., & Stolldorf, D. P. (2024). Satisfaction and Usability of a Commercially Available Medication Adherence App (Medisafe) Among Medically Underserved Patients With Chronic Illnesses: Survey Study. JMIR Human Factors, 12, e63653. https://doi.org/10.2196/63653

Ukoaka, B. M., Ugwuanyi, E. A., Ukueku, K. O., Ajah, K. U., Udam, N. G., Daniel, F. M., Wali, T. A., & Gbuchie, M. A. (2024). Digital tools for improving antiretroviral adherence among people living with HIV in Africa. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100077

WHO. (2025, September 12). WHO released updated guideline on HIV service delivery. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/12-09-2025-who-released-updated-guideline-on-hiv-service-delivery

Viswanathan, S., Byrd, K. K., & Squires, K. E. (2019). Antiretroviral adherence level necessary for HIV viral suppression. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 82(5), 510–515.https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002116

Tahir Hasen,Getu Mosisa,Eba Abdisa. (2019). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among Human immunodeficiency virus positive patients accessing treatment at Nekemte referral hospital, west Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal

Altice, F. L., Maru, D. S., & Friedland, G. H. (2019). Adherence to HIV treatment regimens: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Patient Preference and Adherence, 13, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S192735

Alemu, G. G., Yirsaw, B. G., Tesfie, T. K., Yismaw, G. A., Abuhay, H. W., Alemayehu, M. A., et al. (2025). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among children living with HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 20(1), e0312529. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312529

Saberi, P., Lisha, N. E., Erguera, X. A., Hudes, E. S., Johnson, M. O., Ruel, T., & Neilands, T. B. (2021). A mobile health app (WYZ) for engagement in care and antiretroviral therapy adherence among youth and young adults living with HIV: Single-arm pilot intervention study. JMIR Formative Research, 5(8), e26861. https://doi.org/10.2196/26861

Fan, X., Zhang, X., Li, J., Zhang, L., & Li, X. (2023). Uptake of an app-based case management service for HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China: A process evaluation study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1), e40176. https://doi.org/10.2196/40176